Dry heat sterilizers, constructed with stainless steel S.S. 316 L, adhere to GMP standards, ensuring temperature uniformity throughout the chamber. Operating via PLC-controlled fully automatic panels, they execute various cycles including exhaust, pre-sterilization, sterilization, stabilization, and cooling. These units offer graph printouts for temperature validation at 8–16 points. Dry heat sterilization requires longer exposure (1.5 to 3 hours) and higher temperatures than moist heat methods. Techniques include hot air ovens, incineration, and flaming. Utilizing conduction, dry heat penetrates layers of items, oxidizing essential cell constituents to destroy microorganisms. Common time-temperature relationships for sterilization are 170°C (340°F) for 30 minutes, 160°C (320°F) for 60 minutes, and 150°C (300°F) for 150 minutes or longer, depending on volume.